Sarah Milov is a historian of the twentieth century United States. She is an associate professor at the University of Virgina's Department of History. Her work focuses on how organized interest groups and everyday Americans influence government policy and the terms of political debate. Her current research focuses on the rise of whistleblowing as a form of regulation, a labor right, a mechanism for bureaucratic accountability, a way to save money, and a very contested expression of idealized citizenship. She is pursuing this research through two book projects: a political and legal history of whistleblowing in the postwar era, and a biography of the nuclear whistleblower Karen Silkwood. 

Her first book, The Cigarette: A Political History, is a history of tobacco in the twentieth century that places farmers, government officials, and citizen-activists at the center of the story. Rather than focusing exclusively on "Big Tobacco," she argues that domestic and global cigarette consumption rose through the efforts of organized tobacco farmers and U.S. government officials; and that it fell as a result of local government action spurred by the efforts of citizen-activists and activist lawyers. The Cigarette won the Willie Lee Rose Prize from the Society for Southern Women Historians for the best book in Southern History and the PROSE Award for North American History from the Association of American Publishers. It was a finalist for the LA Times Book prize and one of Smithsonian Magazine's “Best History Titles of 2019.”